DISEASE RISKS BY BREED OF DOG
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Many disease problems are genetic or inherited and certain breeds are at risk for certain diseases. Some of these can be tested for, enabling earlier diagnosis and intervention. Some simply require awareness on the part of the owner as to what to watch for and when to call the veterinarian. We try to make sure that every owner of an at-risk breed knows about the diseases and problems that could affect their dog. Here is a sampling of some of these problems.
ACL tear: A torn anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL is the most common orthopedic injury of active dogs. (You might also see this same ligament referred to as the cranial cruciate ligament or CCL.) It usually requires expensive surgery to repair. For a working dog, it can be career shortening, just as torn cranial cruciate ligament can be to football players. If not surgically corrected, severe arthritis eventually results.
It can occur in any breed, but those more at risk include Doberman pinschers, Rottweilers, Labrador retrievers and other large hunting breeds, Chow Chows, bulldogs, and any dog that has straight up and down hind leg conformation (as vs. slopey hind legs that angle backwards as in German shepherds).
Recommendations: A high quality diet strengthens muscles, ligaments, tendons & bones, and has been shown to reduce injury rates. Sensible exercise routines help prevent injuries, too. Just as in people, over-exercising without proper warm-up or conditioning can cause problems. Dogs that do a lot of leaping, as with Frisbee tossing or agility work, are also more vulnerable. Obesity is also a huge factor, as overweight dogs are much more likely to have injuries to joints and ligaments. Pet insurance is a good idea, as surgery and rehabilitation can be expensive.
Cardiomyopathy: Cardiomyopathy is the disease that leads to most human heart transplants. The heart becomes larger and thinner and weaker until it can no longer effectively pump blood to the body. Signs may be gradual heart failure or sometimes sudden death from an irregular heart rhythm.
Breeds at risk include the Boxer; Cavalier King Charles spaniel and English cocker spaniel (100% are affected by age ten); Doberman pinscher (5% of Dobies die of this disease every year); all the giant breeds – St. Bernard, Great Dane, Irish wolfhound, Newfoundland, etc.
Recommendation for at-risk breeds: Annual ECG screening after age 1. If abnormalities are detected, an echocardiogram will confirm the diagnosis. For those breeds at highest risk, an echocardiogram, or ultrasound of the heart, should be done annually after age 5-6.
In Boxers, there may be a link between taurine deficiency & cardiomyopathy. A taurine supplement is recommended.
GDV: Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus, also known as “bloat” usually occurs in dogs with deep, narrow chests – Greyhounds, collies, Great Danes, German shepherds and many other breeds. When a dog bloats, the stomach twists on itself and fills with gas. The twisting cuts off blood supply to the stomach, and sometimes the spleen. Left untreated, the disease is quickly fatal, sometimes in as little as 30 minutes.
Signs include retching or dry heaving; abdominal pain – grunting, laying in a “prayer position” with the front legs down and the back legs standing up; restlessness or distress; or a bulging out behind the ribs on the left side of the body.
Recommendation: Know what to watch for. If symptoms develop, rush your pet to an emergency clinic if one is available to you. They have a higher success rate for surgically repairing this problem because they do many more of them than the average practitioner. You must act quickly. The needed surgery is expensive, and one of the best reasons to have pet insurance. Don’t let your dog exercise strenuously after meals, and feed 2-3 smaller meals per day vs. one large one.
Hemangioma and hemangiosarcoma: These are two of the more common tumors of older large breed dogs. The hemangioma is the non-cancerous form, about 30% of cases, and hemangiosarcoma is the cancerous kind. They are tumors that arise from blood vessels and usually occur in organs with lots of blood supply – the spleen is especially common, and the liver, kidneys, heart or skin may be other sites. These tumors fill with blood and then will break open and bleed.
Since they usually occur internally you cannot see the bleeding from the outside. You will see a dog that becomes pale and weak over a 6-24 hour period of time. He may become unable to walk or get up and breathing may become labored. You can also see a large or distended abdomen if the tumor is large – and some can be volleyball size or larger before the dog becomes ill.
Look at the color of the gums, tongue or inner eyelids if your dog shows these symptoms. If these look pale or white your dog probably needs emergency blood transfusions, and surgery to remove the tumor. If the tumor is benign, and in a location where it can be removed, surgery will be curative. If it is cancerous, the surgery will buy you time with your pet.
Recommendation: Know what to watch for and seek help if signs appear. We often find clues that one of these tumors is present on senior wellness testing, so have your senior dog’s blood tested at least annually.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome: This disease affects brachycephalic dogs and cats – those with a squished in face, such as bulldogs, Pekingese, Persians and pugs. These breeds have the same amount of tissue in their noses and throats as other dogs and cats, but there is no place for it to go. As a consequence the soft palate – the soft part of the back of the roof of the mouth – is too long for the size of their mouth and hangs down into the airway. To add to their problems, their nostrils are often too small, and sometimes the trachea, or windpipe, is undersized.
All these things lead to a narrow and obstructed airway. Many of these dogs can barely breathe, have sleep apnea and snore, contract repeated respiratory infections, develop swelling and congestion in their throats that worsens the problem, and die at an early age. They are also more prone to heat stroke and have a higher risk for anesthetic complications.
Recommendation: Correct these defects with surgery early on, ideally at the time of spaying or neutering. The long soft palate can be shortened, the nostrils can be snipped open and more normal breathing will be restored. Some dogs are not affected enough to need surgery early on but become more problematic as they get older, in which case surgery can be done later on.
BREED RISK KEY
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The most common problems for each breed are listed here, but not every possible genetic disease. Items in bold are things you might want to recommend to clients based on genetic susceptibility.
Afghan Hound
DCM- annual ECG, annual echo > age 5
Demodex
Drug sensitivity: Barbiturates - avoid use
GDV: Client education, offer stomach tack w/ spay/neuter
Hypothyroidism - T4 early & annually
Laryngeal paralysis – Client education
Mats, burrs & hot spots
Ophthalmic: Juvenile cataracts; lipid corneal dystrophy; PRA when < age 3
Osteosarcoma - X-rays if lame
Airedale Terrier
DCM, more common in males - annual ECG
Derm: Demodex; follicular dysplasia presenting as flank alopecia at 2-4 yrs of age & also flank alopecia
Hypothyroidism – Annual T4 after age 2
Neoplasia: Pancreatic carcinoma; cutaneous melanoma & hemangioma; lymphosarcoma; nasal carcinoma
Ophtho: Corneal dystrophy at 4-12 months of age; Pannus at 1-2 years; PRA around age 3
Von Willebrand’s factor may be low but generally no C/S
Akita
Derm: Demodex, generalized - skin scrape suspicious lesions; Sebaceous adenitis; Zinc-responsive dermatosis
Diabetes: Older females - Client education
GDV – Client education
Hypothyroidism - Annual T4 after age 6
Laryngeal paralysis – Client education
Neoplasia: Anal Gland Carcinoma, Sebaceous Gland Tumors, Osteosarcoma – x-ray older lame dogs
Ophthalmic: Glaucoma age 2-4- annual IOP, PRA age 1-5
Orthopedic: ACL tear – client education, Pet Insurance; Polyarthritis
American Eskimo
Risk for cataracts, slight risk for epilepsy.
Mats, burrs, hot spots.
American Staffordshire terrier
ACL tear – Client Education, Pet Insurance
Derm: Solar dermatitis
Neoplasia: Cutaneous hemangiosarcoma & histiocytoma, MCT – Client education, FNA all lumps
Ophtho: Cataracts; PRA
Australian Cattle Dog
Ophtho: Cataracts, lens luxation, PRA
Urolithiasis, cysteine – annual U/A
Australian Shepherd
Collie eye anomaly
Ivermectin sensitivity
Basenji
The Basenji breed associations have excellent materials on their website, so for Basenjis I generally just print something off the site.
Fanconi Syndrome - Client education, U/A & UPC annually
GI: Hypertrophic gastritis; PLE from lymphangiectasia; immunoproliferative enteropathy of Basenjis
Ophthalmic: PPM 40-90% prevalence - careful eye exams; cataracts; coloboma
PKD - DNA test available
Reproductive: 1 heat cycle per year
Uroliths, cysteine - annual U/A
Basset Hound
Derm: Otitis (excessive wax), seborrhea/malassezia; Ectropion/entropion; Lip fold pyoderma
GI: GDV – Client education; FB ingestion, esp. rocks
IVDD - wt. control, Client education
MCT - FNA all lumps
Orthopedic - UAP
Periodontal Disease, epuli, hyperplastic gums - frequent dentals, Porphyromonas vacc., gingivectomy prn
Urolithiasis - cystine - annual U/A
Beagle
Cherry eye - Client education
Cushings - PDH
FB ingestion!! Client education
Glaucoma, often age 2-5. IOP early on.
IVDD - wt. control, O. education, restrict jumping up
Lymphoma
Periodontal Disease - frequent dentals, Porphyromonas vacc.
Bernese Mountain Dog
DCM- annual ECG, annual echo > age 5
Derm: Lip fold pyoderma
GI: Chronic diarrhea
GN - annual urine Protein:Creatinine
Neurological: Epilepsy – genetic screening when available
Orthopedic – ACL – Client education, Pet insurance; OCD - watch growth rate; Hip Dysplasia - 25% incidence - X-ray early, wt. control
Osteosarcoma- X-rays if lame
Bichon Frise
Entropion
Haemophilia - B or Factor IX def. - BBT before Sx.
IVDD - wt. control, restrict jumping - Client education
Periodontal Disease - frequent dentals, Porphyromonas vacc.
Urolithiasis, all kinds - Annual U/A.
Bloodhound/Coonhound
ACL tear – Client Education, Pet Insurance
GDV: Client education, offer stomach tack w/ spay/neuter
Hemangioma, cutaneous (bloodhounds, but not coonhounds)
Lip fold pyoderma
Ophtho: Cherry eye; Ectropion & entropion; KCS- STT after age 9
Border Collie
Drug sensitivity – ivermectins
OCD shoulders, more common in males, 50% are bilateral, onset usually 4-7 mo. of age
Ophthalmic: Cataracts age 4-6, PRA, Collie Eye Anomaly; Glaucoma from lens luxation, often at age 3-5 yrs
Boston terrier
Derm: Alopecia, atopy, Cushings (PDH) - Client education
Demodex - skin scrape early if symptoms
Dystocia - Client education if breeding
GI: Pyloric stenosis
Hydrocephalus
Neoplasia: MCT, Melanoma - FNA/remove all lumps
Ophthalmic: Cherry eye, Corneal ulcers, Pigmentary keratitis, Corneal dystrophy - Client education; Cataracts – both juvenile & late onset; Iris cysts; Vitreal syneresis > glaucoma & cataracts; Proptosis
KCS - STT early & often
Periodontal Dz - frequent dentals, Porphyromonas vacc.
Respiratory dysplasia, including hypoplastic trachea - Client education, early surgery prn, give estimate for soft palate surgery w/ spay/neuter estimate, DVM to intubate
Bouvier des Flandres
Derm: Flank alopecia
Ophtho: Cataracts; Glaucoma - annual IOP
Orthopedic: ACL tear - Client education, Pet insurance; Hip dysplasia – X-rays when young; OCD
Neoplasia: Osteosarcoma – x-ray if lame; SCC
Boxer
Behavior: Males can be aggressive
Cardiac: Aortic stenosis; Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy – genetic screening test; SSS; DCM/Taurine def. - annual ECG/Holter monitor
Derm: Alopecia, atopy, Cushings (PDH) - Client education; Lip fold pyoderma
Pododermatitis - check feet
Drug sensitivity: No acepromazine
GI: L-P colitis, food allergy, pyloric stenosis - Client education
GDV - offer stomach tack at spay/neuter
Neoplasia: Hemangiosarc, lymphoma, MCT, melanoma, SCC - FNA/Biopsy everything!
Ophthalmic: Cherry eye, corneal ulcers - Client education
Orthopedic: ACL tear - Client education, Pet insurance
Periodontal Disease, epuli & hyperplastic gums - frequent dentals, Porphyromonas vacc., gingivectomy prn
Brittany Spaniel
Hip dysplasia, 15th worst breed – X-ray early
Periodontal disease – frequent dentals, Porphyromonas vacc.
Bulldog, English & French
Derm: Alopecia, Demodex, Lip fold pyoderma, Pododermatitis, Skin fold excess
Dystocia - Client education if breeding
GI: Flatulence due to Respiratory dysfunction
Heat Stroke: No exercise in hot/humid weather, avoid car rides in hot weather
Hemophilia, French bulldogs – BBT before Sx
Hydrocephalus - Check for open fontanelles, R/O if signs
IMHA/IMTP - Client education w/ vaccine release
Neoplasia: Lymphoma, MCT, Brain tumors (French bulldogs) - FNA/Biopsy lumps
Ophthalmic: Cataracts (French bulldogs); Cherry eye, Corneal Ulcers - Client education; Distichiasis - watch for signs; KCS - STT annually
Orthopedic: ACL - Client education, Pet Insurance. Hip Dysplasia - X-rays early, Client education; Hemivertebrae – x-ray spine w/ spay/neuter, UAP
Periodontal disease – frequent dentals, Porphyromonas vacc.
Respiratory Dysplasia: Client education w/ last puppy visit, give estimate for soft palate surgery w/ spay/neuter estimate, DVM to intubate, X-ray for hypoplastic trachea, avoid heat & heavy exercise
Urolithiasis: Cystine or Urate - annual U/A
Bull Terrier
ACL – Client education, Pet insurance
Demodex – skin scrape suspicious lesions
Neoplasia: Actinic keratosis; MCT – FNA lumps
Urological: Familial renal disease, 1-8 yrs of age – annual UPC; PKD at 4-18 mo. of age
Cairn terrier
Derm: Atopy - Client education
Diabetes – Wt. control, Client education
GI: Portosystemic Shunt, polycystic liver Disease
Haemophilia: B, IX or Pyruvate Kinase deficiency – BBT before Sx
Ophthalmic: Refractory Corneal Ulcers, Ocular Melanosis, Lens Luxation, Cataracts, Retinal Dysplasia.
Orthopedic: Craniomandibular Osteopathy
Polycystic Kidney Disease - annual U/A
Repro: Cryptorchidism
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
DCM, MVI: ECG annually > 1 yr, echo annually once > 6 yrs old
Ophtho: Cataracts as young adults; Lipid corneal dystrophy; KCS: STT annually > 6 yrs; Proptosis – Client education
Platelet abnormalities: Large platelets, low count – Baseline CBC when young
Respiratory dysplasia: Client education last puppy visit, DVM to intubate, soft palate surgery w/ spay/neuter or later on prn
Chesapeake Bay Retriever
Corneal ulcers - Client education
Haemophilia - Type III, BBT before Surgery
Hypothyroidism – annual T4 after age 6
Laryngeal paralysis – Client education
Orthopedic: ACL tear – client education, Pet insurance; Hip dysplasia- X-rays early, Client education; OCD – Client education
Osteosarcoma- X-rays if lame
Chihuahua
Alopecia - Client education
Behavior: Often snappy w/ strangers & children
Hydrocephalus: Check for open fontanelles, R/O if signs
Melanoma: Remove suspicious lumps
MVI: Cardiac work-up when murmur arises
Ophthalmic: Cataracts, Glaucoma due to lens luxation
Orthopedic: Patellar luxation - Client education, careful exam
Periodontal Disease - frequent dentals, Porphyromonas vacc.
Tracheal collapse - X-ray to R/O if coughing
Urolithiasis, cysteine - annual U/A
Chow Chow
ACL tear: Client education, no jumping
Behavior: often aggressive, always muzzle for procedures
Derm: Stress alopecia; Growth hormone alopecia; Lip fold pyoderma; Mats, burrs & hot spots; Skin fold excess
Ectropion/Entropion: May require multiple surgeries to correct
Glaucoma, narrow angle, starting age 3-6: IOP annually by age 3
Cocker Spaniel
Behavior: Often fearful & snappy
Cardiac: DCM - echos after age 6; SSS - annual ECG; MVI, taurine def. - cardiac work-up & supplement taurine when murmur detected
Dermatology: Atopy: Follicular dysplasia - hair may not regrow after clipping. Lip fold pyoderma; Seborrhea, hyperpigmentation - R/O Vit. A def., food allergy, hypothyroidism
Haemophilia: Type B, IX or X - BBT before Surgery
IMHA, IMTP - Client education w/ vaccine release, sulfas
Ophthalmic: Cataracts, Cherry eye, Corneal ulcers, Glaucoma (narrow angle or DT lens luxation, starting age 3.5-9), KCS, PRA. IOP & STT annually, Client education
IVDD - Client education, no jumping, wt. control
Neoplasia: Lymphoma, melanoma - FNA/Biopsy all lumps
Orthopedic: ACL tears, patellar luxation - Client education
Otitis - Clean ears weekly, Client education
Periodontal Dz - Frequent Dentals, Porphyromonas vaccine
Urolithiasis: Struvite or Calcium oxylate - annual U/A
Collie
Collie Eye anomaly - eye screening if breeding
Derm: Dermatomyositis - R/O if dermatitis; Mats, burrs & hot spots
Drug sensitivity: Ivermectin - use Interceptor/Sentinel, or genetic screening
Food allergy
GI: Lymphoplasmacytic IBD in rough coated collies
IMHA, IMTP - Client education w/ vaccine release
Laryngeal paralysis
Neuro: Degenerative myelopathy – genetic screening
Corgi
Corneal ulcers - Client education
Degenerative myelopathy - R/O if signs appear, genetic screening
IVDD - wt. control, no jumping, Client education
Urolithiasis, cysteine - annual U/A
Dachshund
Behavior: Fearful
Cardiac: MVI, SSS - annual ECG, cardiac work-up w/ murmur
Cushing's Disease (PDH) - R/O if signs, Client education
Derm: Alopecia, Hypothyroidism, Malassezia, Seborrhea
Drug sensitivity: Lepto allergy is common - no Lepto if rxn
IVDD - Wt. control, no jumping, Client education
Ophthalmic: Corneal ulcers, Primary Glaucoma, usually age 4-9 - Client education, annual IOP after age 4
Periodontal Disease - frequent dentals, Porphyromonas vacc.
Dalmatian
ACL – Client education, Pet insurance
Behavior: Males may be aggressive
Derm: Atopy; Cutaneous hemangioma; food allergy; pododermatitis; solar keratitis
DCM – usually a mild form - Annual ECG.
Ophthalmic: PRA, KCS & Pannus - R/O if symptoms, STT annually
Respiratory dysplasia: Laryngeal paralysis, Elongated soft palate - watch for signs, DVM to intubate, Client education
Urolithiasis: Urate stones very common - U/D recommended unless on other Rx diet, annual U/A
Doberman pinscher
Behavior: Males may be aggressive; Flank Sucking, Lick Granulomas
DCM: Very common! - annual ECG, annual echo > age 6
Derm: Seasonal Flank Alopecia; Lick granulomas; Pemphigus; Zinc-responsive Dermatosis
Drug Reactions: No Sulfas
GI: FB; GDV – Client education, offer stomach tack w/ spay/neuter
GN - annual Urine Protein:Creatinine Ratio
Haemophilia: Von Willebrand's - BBT before Sx, or genetic screening
Hepatitis - annual chem panel
Hypothyroidism: Very common, often age 2-6 - annual T4
IVDD (cervical), Wobblers - R/O if signs
Ophthalmic: Cataracts, PRA
Orthopedic: ACL tear – Client education, Pet insurance
Parvovirus susceptibility: extra Parvo vacc. at 5 mo., annual after that - no 3 yr Parvo vacc.
English Cocker
Same as for American with the addition of high risk for cardiomyopathy – 100% incidence by age 10 - Echo annually after age 6.
Also familial renal Dz 6 mo. to 2 years - UPC at age 6 mo. & Q 6-12 mo. x 2 yrs afterwards.
English setter
Derm: Atopy - Client education; Lip fold pyoderma; Otitis – Client education
GDV – Client education
Ophthalmic: PRA
Orthopedic: Hip Dysplasia - X-ray hips early, Client education
Fox Terrier
Atopy - Client education
GI: Megaesophagus - R/O if vomiting
Glaucoma: Primary or lens luxation - IOP annually
Neoplasia: Fibroma; Hemangiopericytoma; Schwannoma; Insulinoma; MCT - FNA all lumps
German Shepherd
Behavior: Fearful or aggressive
Cushings: Both PDH & Adrenal
Derm: Food allergic otitis, often just 1 ear - Client education, regular ear cleaning. Pododermatitis, Seborrhea, Malassezia, Zinc-responsive dermatitis – work-up prn
GDV - Client education, offer stomach tack w/ spay/neuter
GI: Megaesophagus, SIBO, Lymphocytic-Plasmacytic or Eosinophilic IBD; Perianal fistula - thorough work-up for GI signs, usually multiple etiologies
Haemophilia: A & B or Von Willebrand's - BBT before Sx, or genetic screening
Hemangiosarcoma - Client education, CBC w/ senior bloodwork
IVDD: Thoraco-lumbar & lumbosacral
Lymphoma - Client education
Ophthalmic: Corneal ulcers, KCS, Pannus - STT annually
Orthopedic: Eo-Pan; Hip Dysplasia - hip x-rays while young; Degenerative Myelopathy - R/O IVDD (lumbosacral) also if signs, genetic screeing; OCD
Masticatory Myopathy, Myasthenia Gravis; Panosteitis
Golden Retriever
Derm: Atopy, Food allergy, Lip fold pyoderma; Otitis, pododermatitis
Check feet, Client education, weekly ear cleaning
GI: Food all., Megaesophagus, FB ingestion - R/O if signs
Hemangiosarcoma - CBC w/ senior bloodwork
Hypothyroidism - annual T4 >age 6, earlier prn
Laryngeal paralysis – Client education
Neoplasia - lymphoma (cutaneous), melanoma, MCT - FNA or Biopsy all skin lumps
Neuro: Exercise-induced collapse (EIC) – genetic screening
Orthopedic – ACL tear – client education; Myasthenia Gravis - R/O if signs; OCD - watch growth rate, Client education, X-ray if signs; Hip Dysplasia - hip X-rays while young, Client education
Renal dysplasia - annual U/A, chem panel when young
Great Dane
Behavior: Fearful or aggressive
DCM, esp. males: Annual ECG, annual echo > age 5
Derm: Lip fold pyoderma; Pododermatitis; Zinc-responsive Dermatosis
GDV - Client education, offer stomach tack at spay/neuter
Hypothyroidism, age 2-6 - T4 annually > age 2
Ophthalmic: Ectropion/entropion; cataracts, typical onset 2 yrs old
Orthopedic: OCD, Wobblers
Osteosarcoma- X-rays if lame
Greater Swiss Mountain Dog
DCM, esp. males: Annual ECG, annual echo > age 5
Hypothyroidism - T4 annually > age 5 or sooner prn
Lip fold pyoderma
Orthopedic: ACL – Client education, Pet insurance; Hip dysplasia - X-ray hips while young; OCD, Wobblers, OSA - X-ray if signs
Osteosarcoma- X-rays if lame
Great Pyrenees
Behavior: Fearful or aggressive
DCM, esp. males: Annual ECG, annual echo > age 5
Derm: Lip fold pyoderma; Pododermatitis, Zinc-responsive Dermatosis
GDV - Client education, offer stomach tack at spay/neuter
Hypothyroidism - T4 annually > age 5 or sooner prn
Orthopedic: ACL – Client education, Pet insurance; Hip dysplasia – X-ray hips while young; OCD, Wobblers, OSA - X-ray if signs
Osteosarcoma- X-rays if lame
Greyhound
Derm: Alopecia, mostly females; Hypothyroidism - T4 early & annually but be aware normal is lower for the breed
Drug sensitivity: Barbiturates - avoid use
GDV: Client education, offer stomach tack w/ spay/neuter
Hypertension & High PCV - Annual BP & PCV
Ophthalmic: Pannus
Orthopedic: Polyarthritis, exertional myopathy - R/O if signs
Osteosarcoma - X-rays if lame
Periodontal Dz - Frequent dentals, Porphyromonas vaccine
Irish Setter, Gordon Setter
Derm: Atopy, Lip fold pyoderma; Malassezia; Mats, burrs & hot spots
GI: FB; GDV
Laryngeal Paralysis - Client education
Neoplasia: Sebaceous gland cysts, Hemangiopericytoma, Lymphoma, Melanoma, Insulinoma
Ophthalmic: Refractory Corneal Ulcers, Glaucoma, Cataracts, PRA
Irish terrier
Derm: Footpad hyperkeratosis
Neoplasia: Melanoma - Remove suspicious lumps
Irish Wolfhound
DCM – annual ECG, echo annually after age 5
GDV – Client education, offer stomach tack at spay or neuter
Hypothyroid, age 2-6 – T4 annually
Haemophilia: Von Willebrand's - ACT before Surgery
Ophthalmic: Cataracts ages 1-2 or 5-7, PRA
Orthopedic: Hip dysplasia – X-rays while young; OCD - watch growth rate, good diet; Patellar Luxation, Wobblers
Osteosarcoma- X-rays if lame
Italian Greyhound & whippet
Alopecia
Drug sensitivity – barbiturates
Broken legs – advise pet insurance
Ophtho: Cataracts, glaucoma about age 2 – annual IOP
Periodontal Dz - Frequent dentals, Porphyromonas vaccine
Jack Russel Terrier
Cushings: PDH
Diabetes: Wt. control, Client education
Malassezia
Ophthalmic: Cataract, Lens Luxation
Orthopedic: Patellar Luxation
Periodontal Dz - Frequent dentals, Porphyromonas vaccine
Keeshond
Derm: Stress alopecia; Mats, burrs & hot spots
Diabetes (older intact females most at risk) – Wt. control, Client education
Ophthalmic: Cataracts, Glaucoma - annual IOP
Nasal tumors
Labrador Retriever
ACL - Client education, avoid jumping, Pet Insurance
Cushings - Adrenal Tumors
Derm: Atopy, Contact Hypersensitivity, Food Allergy - R/O if signs, consistent diet. Malassezia, Otitis; Pododermatitis - check feet, good diet
GI: FB ingestion!! L-P colitis, Megaesophagus; Perianal fistula – work-up if signs occur, Client education re: pet proofing
Haemophilia: Type B or IX - BBT before Surgery
Hemangiosarcoma - Client education, CBC w/ senior screens
Hypothyroidism – can start very young, annual T4 > age 6 or sooner of signs
IMHA/IMTP: Client education w/ vacc. release
Laryngeal paralysis – Client education
Neoplasia: Lymphoma, MCT - FNA/Biopsy all lumps
Neuro: Epilepsy; Exercise-induced collapse (EIC) – genetic screening
Ophthalmic: Primary Glaucoma - IOP annually > age 6
Orthopedic: ACL tear – client education; OCD - watch growth rate, X-ray if signs; Hip Dysplasia - X-ray while young, Client education
Otitis - Client education, weekly ear cleaning
Lhasa apso
Cardiac: MVI – work-up if murmur develops
Derm: Atopy, food allergy - Client education; Lip fold pyoderma
GI: Pyloric stenosis
Neuro: Hydrocephalus, IVDD - Client education, avoid jumping
Ophthalmic: Cataracts; Refractory Corneal ulcers - Client education. PRA; Entropion; Distichiasis; KCS, pigmentary keratitis - STT annually. Cherry eye - Client education.
Periodontal Disease - Porphyromonas vacc.
Resp: Tracheal collapse
Renal: Dysplasia, uroliths - annual U/A
Malamute
Behavior: Strong prey drive
Derm: Demodex, generalized - skin scrape suspicious lesions; Follicular dysplasia; Zinc-responsive dermatosis
Diabetes: Older females - Client education
Hypothyroidism - Annual T4
Neoplasia: Anal Gland Carcinoma, Sebaceous Gland Tumors
Ophthalmic: Refractory Corneal Ulcers, Corneal Dystrophy, Cataracts, Glaucoma about age 6 - annual IOP, PRA
Maltese
Derm: Mats, burrs & hot spots
MVI: work-up if murmur develops
GI: Pyloric Stenosis
Glaucoma above age 6 - IOP annually
Hydrocephalus, Hypoglycemia - R/O both if CNS signs
Periodontal Disease - Frequent dentals, Porphyromonas vacc.
Mastiff
Cardiac: DCM – annual ECG
Derm: Lip fold pyoderma
Orthopedic: ACL, Hip dysplasia – X-rays while young; OCD, Wobblers
Osteosarcoma- X-rays if lame
Miniature Pinscher
Behavior: Fearful
Derm: Alopecia
Diabetes - Client education, wt. control
Ophthalmic: Pannus - STT annually
Periodontal Disease - Frequent dentals, Porphyromonas vacc.
Urolithiasis, cystine - annual U/A
Newfoundland
Cardiac: DCM – annual ECG
Derm: Lip fold pyoderma
Orthopedic: ACL, Hip dysplasia – X-rays while young; OCD, Wobblers
Osteosarcoma- X-rays if lame
Norwegian Elkhound
Neoplasia: SCC of skin
Ophtho: Cataracts; Glaucoma, avg. age of onset 4-7 years; lens luxation; Multifocal retinal dysplasia; PRA, starting at 6 weeks, vision loss by 12-18 mo.
Renal: Familial Renal Disease & Fanconi syndrome, 3mo.-5 yrs of age; Primary renal glucosuria – these dogs may have normal renal function despite glucose in urine.
Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever
Hypoadrenocorticism - R/O if signs
Ophthalmic: Cataracts, PRA
Old English Sheepdog
Derm: Demodex, especially on paws - skin scrape if lesions; Lip fold pyoderma; Mats, burrs & hot spots; Pododermatitis;
Drug sensitivity: Can be sensitive to Ivermectin, best to use Interceptor/Sentinel
Haemophilia: Type B or IX - BBT before Surgery
Hip Dysplasia, 5th worst breed - hip X-rays early, wt. control
Hypothyroid, usually at 2-6 yrs - T4 annually > age 4-5, sooner if signs
IMHA/IMTP: Client education w/ vacc.
Ophtho: Cataracts, 6 mo. – 6 years; PRA at 4 yrs
Papillon
Behavior: Difficult to house train
Cardiac: MVI – W/U if murmur develops
Ophthalmic: Cataracts, PRA
Periodontal Disease - Frequent dentals, Porphyromonas vacc.
Pekingese
Derm: Flea allergy; Pododermatitis - check feet; Skin fold excess
Drug sensitivity: Rabies-vaccine-associated vasculitis and alopecia
GI: Pyloric stenosis; HGE, usually 2-4 yrs of age
Hydrocephalus: Check for open fontanelles, R/O if signs
IVDD: Wt. control, no jumping, Client education
MVI – work-up if murmur detected
Neoplasia: SCC
Ophthalmic: Cataracts; Corneal ulcers; KCS & pigmentary keratitis- STT annually, Client education; Proptosis – harness, no choke collars
Ortho: Elbow dysplasia
Periodontal Disease: Frequent dentals, Porphyromonas vaccine
Repro: Cryptorchidism, umbilical & perianal hernias – check puppies carefully for these problems
Resp: Heat stroke; Respiratory dysplasia: Discuss at last puppy visit, estimate for soft palate surgery w/ spay/neuter estimate, DVM to intubate
Pit Bull Terrier
ACL tear - Client education, Pet Insurance
Behavior: Dog-aggression – Client Education
Parvovirus - extra booster at 5 mo. as puppy, annual Parvo vacc. as adults, no 3 year Parvo
MCT - FNA all skin lumps, Client education
English & German Pointers
ACL tear - Client education, Pet Insurance
Derm: Pododermatitis, Acral lick granulomas; Discoid lupus; acne; black hair follicular dysplasia; Truncal solar dermatitis; Zinc-responsive Dermatitis
Haemophilia: Von Willebrand's - BBT before Sx
Neoplasia: Cutaneous hemangioma (English); MCT; nasal tumors (GSHP)
Ophtho: Pannus - STT annual; Cataracts – English at 2-3 yrs, Germans at 6-18 mo; PRA; Corneal dystrophy (English) at 6 yrs; Eversion of nictitating membrane (GSHP)
Pomeranian
Cardiac: MVI; SSS - ECG annually
Derm: Mats, burrs & hot spots; Pododermatitis
Hydrocephalus: Check for open fontanelles, R/O if signs
Hypothyroidism, age 2-6 – T4 early
Ophthalmic: Cataracts, PRA by age 6
Orthopedic: Atlantoaxial subluxation; Elbow dysplasia – Client education; Patellar Luxation, Periodontal Disease: Frequent Dentals, Porphyromonas Vaccine
Repro: Cryptorchidism, inguinal hernias, testicular cancer – neutering recommended
Tracheal Collapse - X-ray trachea if coughing
Miniature, toy and teacup Poodle
Cardiac: MVI – work-up if murmur develops, include echo
Cushings: PDH & Adrenal
Derm: Alopecia, Cushing's Dz, Seborrhea, Malassezia; Otitis - regular ear cleaning & plucking; Anal sac disease, sometimes psychogenic
Diabetes - Wt. management, Client education
Drug sensitivity: Alopecia from injectable steroids, use oral if possible
GI: HGE in Toy & Miniature; Perineal hernia, intact males predisposed
Hemophilia: Von Willebrand's - BBT before surgery
Hydrocephalus - check for open fontanelles, R/O if signs
IMHA/IMTP - Client education w/ Vaccine Release
IVDD - Wt. control, no jumping, Client education
Neoplasia: Lymphoma, oral melanoma - check mouth carefully
Neuro: Epilepsy
Ophthalmic: Cataracts, Distichiasis & Glaucoma (Min. & Toy) - IOP annually; Pigmentary Keratitis - STT annually; PRA
Orthopedic: Legg-Calve-Perthes, Patellar Luxation
Periodontal Disease - Frequent Dentals, Porphyromonas Vaccine
Renal dysplasia - annual U/A
Repro: Cryptorchidism
Tracheal Collapse - X-ray trachea if signs
Urolithiasis: Struvite, Calcium Oxylate - annual U/A
Standard poodle
ACL - Client education, Pet Insurance
DCM, esp. Standards, > risk w/ age – annual ECG
GDV - Client education, offer stomach tack at spay/neuter
Hypoadrenocorticism – R/O if signs
Neoplasia: Insulinoma; oral melanoma - check mouth carefully; SCC of the toe
Ophtho: Cataracts
Otitis – Client education
Renal dysplasia – annual U/A, chem. panel when young
Zinc-responsive dermatosis
Portuguese water dog
Behavior: Males sometimes aggressive
DCM - Client education, annual ECG
Derm: Alopecia (pattern baldness at early age)
Ophthalmic: Cataracts; Distichiasis - R/O if corneal ulcers; PRA
Pug
Derm: Atopy, Alopecia - Client education; Skin fold excess
Dystocia - Client education if breeding
Heat stroke - no heavy exercise in hot/humid weather, avoid car rides in hot weather, Client education
Neoplasia: MCT, oral melanoma - FNA/Biopsy all lumps, check mouth carefully
Ophthalmic: Corneal ulcers, KCS - Client education, STT annually; Proptosis
Orthopedic: Legg-Calve-Perthes; Patellar luxation
Respiratory Dysplasia - Discuss Surgery at last puppy visit, Rx soft palate surgery estimate to do w/ spay/neuter estimate, DVM to intubate
Rat Terrier
Behavior: Often snappy
Patellar luxation
Periodontal Dz: Frequent dentals, Porphyromonas Vaccine
Rhodesian ridgeback
Derm: Zinc-responsive Dermatosis
Hypothyroidism – T4 annually > age 6
Laryngeal paralysis – Client education
Ophthalmic: Cataracts
Ortho: ACL – Client education, Pet insurance; Hip dysplasia – x-rays when young; OCD
Osteosarcoma- X-rays if lame
Rottweiler
Behavior: Males may be aggressive
GI: Eosinophilic IBD
Hypothyroidism – T4 annually > age 6
Neoplasia: SCC of the digit, Osteosarcoma- X-rays if lame
Ophthalmic: Cataracts age 2; Corneal ulcers - Client education
Ortho: ACL - Client education, Pet Insurance; Hip Dysplasia - X-rays early, Client education; OCD – Control growth rate
Parvovirus susceptibility: extra Parvo vacc. at 5 mo. of age, annual Parvo vacc., no 3 yr Parvo
St. Bernard
DCM – annual ECG
Derm: Lip fold pyoderma
Ortho: ACL - Client education, Pet Insurance; Hip Dysplasia - X-rays early, Client education; OCD – Control growth rate
Osteosarcoma- X-rays if lame
Otitis – Client education
Samoyed
Diabetes – Weight control, Client education
Ophthalmic: Cataracts age 2-4, Refractory Corneal Ulcers, Corneal Dystrophy, Primary Glaucoma - IOP annually
Schipperke
Diabetes – weight control, annual blood & urine screening starting by age 4 (age of onset 4-14 years, avg. 7-9)
Ophthalmic: Cataracts, PRA
Patellar luxation
Periodontal Dz: Frequent dentals, Porphyromonas Vaccine
Schnauzer
Behavior: Snappy, not always good w/ children/strangers, males worse
Derm: Atopy, Food Allergy, Seasonal Flank Alopecia, Comedo syndrome; Malassezia; Otitis
Diabetes: Wt. control, Client education, annual blood & urine screening
GI: Megaesophagus, HGE, Pancreatitis, Food Allergy
Lipemia - 12 hour fast before blood draws
MVI - Cardiac work-up if murmur detected
Neoplasia: Melanoma, esp. of digits - Remove suspicious lumps
Ophthalmic: Cataracts; KCS - STT annually > age 6
Periodontal Disease: Frequent Dentals, Porphyromonas Vaccine
Portosystemic shunt - W/U if signs
Renal Dysplasia - annual U/A
Sick Sinus Syndrome - ECG annually
Urolithiasis: Ammonium Urate secondary to PSS, all other kinds as well - annual U/A
Giant Schnauzer
ACL- Client education, Pet Insurance
Cataracts
GDV- Client education, offer stomach tack at spay/neuter
Hypothyroid - T4 annually > age 6, sooner if signs
Giant Schnauzers SCC of digits
Scottish Terrier
Derm: Atopy - Client education; Demodex - skin scrape lesions
Dystocia - Client education if breeding
Hemophilia: B, IX & Von Willebrand's - BBT before Surgery
Neoplasia: Bladder cancer - annual U/A, Client instructions to not use lawn chemicals wh/ act as trigger; lymphoma; MCT; Melanoma - FNA/Biopsy all lumps
Orthopedic: Scottie Cramp; Osteopathy
Shar Pei
Behavior: Many are aggressive
Derm: Atopy - Client education; ; Demodex - skin scrape suspicious lesions; Food allergy - consistent diet;; Lip fold pyoderma; Malassezia; MCT at very young ages, FNA lumps early; Mucinous Dermatitis; Otitis; Seborrhea; Skin fold excess
Familial Shar Pei Fever - Client education
GI: GDV; Megaesophagus, HGE, Pancreatitis
Neoplasia: MCT at very young age, FNA lumps early
Ophtho: Entropion/ectropion, may need multiple surgeries to correct – Client education; cataracts; glaucoma – annual IOP; lens luxation
Ortho: ACL tear – Client education, Pet insurance; Hip Dysplasia - X-rays early, Client education
Renal Dysplasia: Amyloidosis - annual U/A
Shetland Sheepdog
Collie Eye Anomaly - Client education if breeding
Derm: Dermatomyositis – Biopsy if lesions; Malassezia - good diet & fatty acids; Seborrhea
Drug sensitivity: No Ivermectin, use Interceptor/Sentinel
Hemophilia: B, IX, Von Willebrand's - BBT before Surgery
Hip Dysplasia - X-rays early, Client education
Ophthalmic: KCS (Normal STT is 16) - STT annually
Orthopedic: Polyarthritis, Ligament Laxity
Periodontal Dz: Frequent dentals, Porphyromonas Vaccine
Repro: Cryptorchidism, testicular tumors
Shih Tzu
Derm: Atopy - Client education
Drug Sensitivity: Alopecia from injectable steroids, use oral if possible
IVDD - Wt. control, avoid jumping, Client education
MVI: work-up if murmur develops
Ophthalmic: Corneal ulcers; Pigmentary Keratitis, KCS - annual STT; Proptosis
Periodontal Dz: Frequent dentals, Porphyromonas Vaccine
Renal Dysplasia & Glucosuria - annual U/A
Resp: Tracheal collapse
Urolithiasis: All kinds - annual U/A
Siberian Husky
Behavior: Strong prey drive
Derm: Discoid Lupus; Eosinophilic Granuloma; Nasal Depigmentation - Biopsy suspected lesions; Zinc-responsive dermatosis
Hypertension - BP annually
Laryngeal Paralysis - Client education
Neoplasia: Basal cell tumors, sebaceous gland tumors, Hemangiopericytoma, perianal gland adenomas, testicular cancer
Neuro: Epilepsy
Ophthalmic: Juvenile Cataracts; Corneal Dystrophy; Pannus - STT annually; Primary Glaucoma - IOP annually; PRA
Springer Spaniel
Behavior: Females may be fearful, males may be aggressive. Springer Rage Syndrome
Derm: Acral lick dermatitis; Food Allergy, Lip fold pyoderma; Malassezia; Seborrhea IMHA/IMTP - Client education w/ Vaccine Release
Neoplasia:Histiocytoma, Melanoma, Hemangioma (cutaneous), Anal Sac Carcinoma
Ophthalmic: Refractory Corneal Ulcers, Corneal Dystrophy, Glaucoma – annual IOP; Cataracts, PRA, KCS & Pannus all in English Springers – annual STT
Orthopedic: Hip Dysplasia - X-rays early, Client education; Myasthenia Gravis - R/O if signs
Urolithiasis: Calcium Oxylate - annual U/A; Sphincter incontinence in females
Vizsla
ACL tear – Client education, Pet insurance
GDV – Client education, offer stomach tack w/ spay/neuter
IMTP – Client education
Ophtho: Cataracts; Glaucoma – annual IOP; PRA
Weimaraner
ACL tear- Client education, Pet Insurance
Derm: Demodex - skin scrape suspicious lesions; Pododermatitis
GDV - Client education, offer stomach tack w/ spay/neuter
Neoplasia: Conjunctival melanoma; MCT; Osteosarcoma - X-rays if lame
Ophthalmic: Corneal ulcers - Client education; Conjunctival Melanoma - Surgery if found
Welsh terrier
Glaucoma, lens luxation – annual IOP
West Highland White Terrier
Derm: Atopy; Demodex; Food allergy - Client education, consistent diet; Malassezia, Seborrhea - good diet
Chronic hepatitis – annual blood screening
Ophthalmic: Cataracts; Corneal Ulcers - Client education; KCS - STT annually
Orthopedic: Legg-Calve-Perthes; Little White Shakers Disease
Polycystic Kidney Disease - annual U/A
Wheaton Terrier
Derm: Atopy, Food allergy - Client education, consistent diet; Malassezia, Seborrhea - good diet
Ophthalmic: Cataracts
Orthopedic: Legg-Calve-Perthes; Little White Shakers Disease
GN, Polycystic Kidney Disease - annual U/A
Yorshire Terrier
Cushing's: PDH
Drug sensitivity: Alopecia from injectable steroids, use oral if possible. Vasculitis at site of Rabies vacc.
GI: Portosystemic shunt, often microvascular
Hydrocephalus
Hypertension - annual BP
MVI: work-up when murmur develops
Ophthalmic: Cataracts as young adults; KCS - STT annually
Orthopedic: Atlanto-axial subluxation; Legg-Calve-Perthes, Patellar Luxation
Periodontal Dz: Frequent dentals, Porphyromonas Vaccine
Repro: Cryptorchidism
Tracheal Collapse - X-ray trachea if coughing
Urolithiasis: All kinds - annual U/A
BREED RISK RECOMMENDATIONS
AFGHAN HOUND
· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Many disease problems are genetic or inherited. Certain breeds are at risk for certain diseases. This doesn’t mean that just because your dog belongs to a certain breed he will always develop these problems – it just means that he’s more at risk than the average dog. It also doesn’t mean that these are the only diseases your pet could get – life is not that simple. It does, however, help to guide the medical care your pet needs.
Just as some genetically related diseases in humans don’t begin to cause problems until later in life – heart disease or breast cancer, for example – many genetic diseases in dogs appear late in life. Some of these can be tested for, enabling earlier diagnosis and intervention.
Cardiomyopathy: Dilatative Cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a deadly heart problem. Most people who require heart transplants do so because of this disease, in which the heart becomes larger, thinner & weaker until it can no longer effectively pump blood to the body. Signs may be gradual heart failure or sometimes sudden death from an irregular heart rhythm. Watch for weakness or acting tired; fainting or collapse; labored breathing or coughing.
Recommendations: Annual ECG screening after age 1, to look for abnormal heart rhythms (picture at right).
ProBNP blood testing to detect heart enlargement is also recommended. If abnormalities are detected, an echocardiogram will confirm the diagnosis. An echocardiogram is recommended annually after about age five or six.
Hypothyroidism: many breeds are prone to this common condition, in which the body is not making enough thyroid hormone. It is most common in middle aged or older large breed dogs, though it has been documented in dogs less than a year of age, and in most breeds. Symptoms include dry skin and coat, hair loss, and susceptibility to other skin diseases such as seborrhea; weight gain; lethargy; mental dullness, sleeping excessively, fearfulness, aggression or other behavioral changes; high cholesterol levels. The lower the thyroid level, the more of these signs are likely to be present.
Treatment of the disease is simple. We supplement with oral thyroid medication that artificially replaces the hormones the dog is not producing.
Recommendation: Blood testing annually beginning at age 4-6, the age when many Afghans start to develop this problem.
Videos: adult - GDV, senior - Arthritis
BREED RISK RECOMMENDATIONS
Airedale terrier
· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Many disease problems are genetic or inherited. Certain breeds are at risk for certain diseases. This doesn’t mean that just because your dog belongs to a certain breed he will always develop these problems – it just means that he’s more at risk than the average dog. It also doesn’t mean that these are the only diseases your pet could get – life is not that simple. It does, however, help to guide the medical care your pet needs.
Just as some genetically related diseases in humans don’t begin to cause problems until later in life – heart disease or breast cancer, for example – many genetic diseases in dogs appear late in life. Some of these can be tested for, enabling earlier diagnosis and intervention.
Cardiomyopathy: Dilatative Cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a deadly heart problem. Most people who require heart transplants do so because of this disease, in which the heart becomes larger, thinner & weaker until it can no longer effectively pump blood to the body. Signs may be gradual heart failure or sometimes sudden death from an irregular heart rhythm. Watch for weakness or acting tired; fainting or collapse; labored breathing or coughing.
Recommendations: Annual ECG screening after age 1, to look for abnormal heart rhythms (picture at right).
ProBNP blood testing to detect heart enlargement is also recommended. If abnormalities are detected, an echocardiogram will confirm the diagnosis. An echocardiogram is recommended annually after about age five or six.
Hypothyroidism: many breeds are prone to this common condition, in which the body is not making enough thyroid hormone. It is most common in middle aged or older large breed dogs. Symptoms include dry skin and coat, hair loss, and susceptibility to other skin diseases such as seborrhea; weight gain; lethargy; mental dullness, sleeping excessively, behavioral changes; and high cholesterol levels. The lower the thyroid level, the more of these signs are likely to be present. Early diagnosis and treatment prevents more serious symptoms.
Treatment of the disease is simple. We supplement with oral thyroid medication that artificially replaces the hormones the dog is not producing.
Recommendation: Blood testing annually beginning at age 6-9, sooner if symptoms develop.
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, dry eye: also known as KCS, this is a disease in which the tear glands no longer produce enough tears to keep the eye moist. Eye ulcers and infections result. This is a painful condition that can be diagnosed and treated before symptoms appear.
Diagnosis of KCS is simple. A paper strip is tucked under the lower eyelid. Tears soak the strip. After 1 minute we look to see how many millimeters of the strip became wet. This test is called a Schirmer tear test, or STT. A reading under 15 is low. 16-18 is borderline, and above that is normal. Treatment consists of eye ointment that will be necessary for the remainder of the pet’s life.
Recommendation: The STT should be done at least once a year once a pet reaches age 9, sooner if symptoms become apparent.
Lymphoma, also known as lymphosarcoma, is a common form of cancer in dogs. In this disease, the body forms abnormal lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell. Because white blood cells can be found throughout the body, this cancer can show up almost anywhere. Symptoms include swollen lymph nodes, an enlarged spleen or liver, intestinal disease, skin nodules, weight loss or fever. Occasionally it shows up in the eyes, brain or spinal cord, the kidneys, the lungs or elsewhere.
Lymphoma is a very treatable form of cancer, with an 80% success rate in dogs receiving chemotherapy. Early diagnosis improves prognosis.
Recommendation: Lymphoma is one of the few types of cancer that can sometimes be found with a complete blood count. Blood testing at least twice a year after age 5 may allow an early diagnosis. Watch for swollen glands, panting or labored breathing and weight loss, and call us if any signs appear.
Videos: What Is Breed-Specific Wellness; Senior - Eye Diseases, Arthritis
BREED RISK RECOMMENDATIONS
Akita
· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Many disease problems are genetic or inherited. Certain breeds are at risk for certain diseases. This doesn’t mean that just because your dog belongs to a certain breed he will always develop these problems – it just means that he’s more at risk than the average dog. It also doesn’t mean that these are the only diseases your pet could get – life is not that simple. It does, however, help to guide the medical care your pet needs.
Just as some genetically related diseases in humans don’t begin to cause problems until later in life – heart disease or breast cancer, for example – many genetic diseases in dogs appear late in life. Some of these can be tested for, enabling earlier diagnosis and intervention.
Diabetes is common in some breeds. It usually develops in mid-life, between 3 and 10 years of age. Signs include drinking & urinating much more than normal, and weight loss despite a good appetite. If you notice your dog drinking more water, call us right away. This is one of the most common symptoms of illness in dogs, yet one frequently ignored by pet owners.
Recommendation: Annual blood and urine screening, sooner if symptoms are present. Weight control is very important to prevent and control diabetes.
Glaucoma is an extremely painful disease that rapidly leads to blindness. People describe it as feeling as if you are being stabbed in the eye with an ice pick. The eyeball is a tough, rubbery ball containing fluid. The fluid inside the eye is produced by cells within the eye, and this fluid drains back out of the eye via tiny drainage channels. When the fluid cannot drain out as fast as it is being produced it builds up, causing stretching and swelling of the eyeball. The fluid pressure is not only very painful, but it literally crushes the delicate cells lining the retina, quickly leading to blindness. In Beagles glaucoma usually starts between the ages of two and five.
Recommendation: Annual glaucoma screenin. The test we perform is called an intraocular pressure, or IOP. It is quick and inexpensive, and could save your pet’s sight.
Hypothyroidism, or low thyroid function, is common in older dogs of all breeds but some breeds are predisposed to developing this problem much earlier in life. Weight gain, lethargy and skin problems are the most common signs. Temperament or behavior changes can be seen as well. In fact, one study showed that adult dogs that had a shift in behavior, for example becoming more timid or more aggressive, often have hypothyroidism.
Recommendation: Annual thyroid blood level after age 7, sooner if symptoms develop.
Videos: what Is Breed-Specific Wellness; Senior - Eye Diseases, Arthritis, Fatty Acids
BREED RISK RECOMMENDATIONS
Australian CATTLE DOG
· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Many disease problems are genetic or inherited. Certain breeds are at risk for certain diseases. This doesn’t mean that just because your dog belongs to a certain breed he will always develop these problems – it just means that he’s more at risk than the average dog. It also doesn’t mean that these are the only diseases your pet could get – life is not that simple. It does, however, help to guide the medical care your pet needs.
Just as some genetically related diseases in humans don’t begin to cause problems until later in life – heart disease or breast cancer, for example – many genetic diseases in dogs appear late in life. Some of these can be tested for, enabling earlier diagnosis and intervention.
Urolithiasis: “Uro” refers to the urologic system, “lithiasis” is stone formation. Uroliths are bladder or kidney stones. There are half a dozen different types of stones that can form, and certain breeds of dog are prone to certain types of stones. Cattle dogs are prone to stones made of cysteine.
Recommendation: Urine testing annually or when signs are present, then surgery and special diets if necessary.
Videos: What Is Breed-Specific Wellness; Seniors – Arthritis, Fatty Acids
BREED RISK RECOMMENDATIONS
Australian Shepherd
· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Many disease problems are genetic or inherited. Certain breeds are at risk for certain diseases. This doesn’t mean that just because your dog belongs to a certain breed he will always develop these problems – it just means that he’s more at risk than the average dog. It also doesn’t mean that these are the only diseases your pet could get – life is not that simple. It does, however, help to guide the medical care your pet needs.
Just as some genetically related diseases in humans don’t begin to cause problems until later in life – heart disease or breast cancer, for example – many genetic diseases in dogs appear late in life. Some of these can be tested for, enabling earlier diagnosis and intervention.
Drug Sensitivity: Some breeds of dogs do not do well with certain medications. Herding breeds can inherit a gene called MDR1, that affects how they process about twenty different drugs, some of which are commonly used. These drugs should be avoided in these breeds but we can’t know to do that without genetic testing.
Recommendations: MDR1 DNA testing should be done once, early in your dog’s life.
Videos: MDR1; Seniors – Arthritis, Fatty Acids
BREED RISK RECOMMENDATIONS
Basenji
· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Many disease problems are genetic or inherited. Certain breeds are at risk for certain diseases. This doesn’t mean that just because your dog belongs to a certain breed he will always develop these problems – it just means that he’s more at risk than the average dog. It also doesn’t mean that these are the only diseases your pet could get – life is not that simple. It does, however, help to guide the medical care your pet needs.
Just as some genetically related diseases in humans don’t begin to cause problems until later in life – heart disease or breast cancer, for example – many genetic diseases in dogs appear late in life. Some of these can be tested for, enabling earlier diagnosis and intervention.
Fanconi Syndrome: Basenjis have a serious inherited disease problem called Fanconi Syndrome. Excellent materials are available at Basenji Breed Association websites (try Basenjicompanions.org, Basenjiclub.com or caninegeneticdiseases.net). It is important that you understand this disease and how to monitor for it.
Recommendations: Basenjis should be urine tested monthly for urine glucose (sugar), ketones and protein, any of which will start to show up in the urine when Fanconi Syndrome begins. Test strips can be purchased through your veterinarian and are simple to use. Catch a teaspoon or two of urine from your dog, dip the little test strip into the urine and compare the color change on each little test pad with the results key. Any posistive findings should be reported to your veterinarian. If diagnosed and treated early it is very treatable. If diagnosed late, irreversible kidney damage results and is usually fatal.
Urolithiasis: “Uro” refers to the urologic system, “lithiasis” is stone formation. Uroliths are bladder or kidney stones. There are half a dozen different types of stones that can form, and certain breeds of dog are prone to certain types of stones.
Symptoms of urinary tract stones include blood in the urine, straining to urinate or inability to urinate if the urethra is blocked with stones or crystals. This last symptom is quickly fatal, so a pet, usually male, unable to urinate should be examined immediately. In the early stages, stones may be suspected if blood or crystals are seen in a urine sample test.
Recommendation: Urine testing annually or when signs are present, then surgery and special diets if necessary.
Videos: Check Basenji website
BREED RISK RECOMMENDATIONS
Basset Hound
· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Many disease problems are genetic or inherited. Certain breeds are at risk for certain diseases. This doesn’t mean that just because your dog belongs to a certain breed he will always develop these problems – it just means that he’s more at risk than the average dog. It also doesn’t mean that these are the only diseases your pet could get – life is not that simple. It does, however, help to guide the medical care your pet needs.
Just as some genetically related diseases in humans don’t begin to cause problems until later in life – heart disease or breast cancer, for example – many genetic diseases in dogs appear late in life. Some of these can be tested for, enabling earlier diagnosis and intervention.
Hemophilia: There are several types of inherited bleeding disorders, or coagulopathies, which occur in dogs. They range in severity from very mild to very severe. Many times a pet seems normal until a serious injury occurs or surgery is performed, and then severe bleeding can result.
Recommendation: DNA test when a pet is young. If no DNA test has been done a Buccal Bleeding Time can be done at the time of surgery. There is also a specific blood test
for Von Willebrand’s disease prior to surgery.
Urolithiasis: “Uro” refers to the urologic system, “lithiasis” is stone formation. Uroliths are bladder or kidney stones. Symptoms of urinary tract stones include blood in the urine, straining to urinate or inability to urinate if the urethra is blocked with stones or crystals. This last symptom is quickly fatal, so a pet, usually male, unable to urinate should be examined immediately. In the early stages, stones may be suspected if blood or crystals are seen in a urine sample test.
Recommendation: Urine testing annually or when signs are present, then surgery and special diets if necessary.
Videos: What Is Breed-Specific Wellness, How to Clean Ears; Seniors – Arthritis, Fatty Acids
BREED RISK RECOMMENDATIONS
Beagle
· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Many disease problems are genetic or inherited. Certain breeds are at risk for certain diseases. This doesn’t mean that just because your dog belongs to a certain breed he will always develop these problems – it just means that he’s more at risk than the average dog. It also doesn’t mean that these are the only diseases your pet could get – life is not that simple. It does, however, help to guide the medical care your pet needs.
Just as some genetically related diseases in humans don’t begin to cause problems until later in life – heart disease or breast cancer, for example – many genetic diseases in dogs appear late in life. Some of these can be tested for, enabling earlier diagnosis and intervention.
Glaucoma is an extremely painful disease that rapidly leads to blindness. People describe it as feeling as if you are being stabbed in the eye with an ice pick. The eyeball is a tough, rubbery ball containing fluid. The fluid inside the eye is produced by cells within the eye, and this fluid drains back out of the eye via tiny drainage channels. When the fluid cannot drain out as fast as it is being produced it builds up, causing stretching and swelling of the eyeball. The fluid pressure is not only very painful, but it literally crushes the delicate cells lining the retina, quickly leading to blindness. In Beagles glaucoma usually starts between the ages of two and five.
Recommendation: Annual glaucoma screening for all adult and senior Beagles. The test we perform is called an intraocular pressure, or IOP. It is quick and inexpensive, and could save your pet’s sight.
Lymphoma, also known as lymphosarcoma, is a common form of cancer in dogs. In this disease, the body forms abnormal lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell. Because white blood cells can be found throughout the body, this cancer can show up almost anywhere. Symptoms include swollen lymph nodes, an enlarged spleen or liver, intestinal disease, skin nodules, weight loss or fever. Occasionally it shows up in the eyes, brain or spinal cord, the kidneys, the lungs or elsewhere.
Lymphoma is a very treatable form of cancer, with an 80% success rate in dogs receiving chemotherapy. Early diagnosis improves prognosis.
Recommendation: Lymphoma is one of the few types of cancer that can sometimes be found with a complete blood count. Blood testing at least twice a year after age 5 may allow an early diagnosis. Watch for swollen glands, panting or labored breathing and weight loss, and call us if any signs appear.
Videos: IVDD, Eye diseases, Periodontal Disease
BREED RISK RECOMMENDATIONS
Bernese Mountain Dog
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Many disease problems are genetic or inherited. Certain breeds are at risk for certain diseases. This doesn’t mean that just because your dog belongs to a certain breed he will always develop these problems – it just means that he’s more at risk than the average dog. It also doesn’t mean that these are the only diseases your pet could get – life is not that simple. It does, however, help to guide the medical care your pet needs.
Just as some genetically related diseases in humans don’t begin to cause problems until later in life – heart disease or breast cancer, for example – many genetic diseases in dogs appear late in life. Some of these can be tested for, enabling earlier diagnosis and intervention.
Cardiomyopathy: Dilatative Cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a deadly heart problem. Most people who require heart transplants do so because of this disease, in which the heart becomes larger, thinner & weaker until it can no longer effectively pump blood to the body. Signs may be gradual heart failure or sometimes sudden death from an irregular heart rhythm. Watch for weakness or acting tired; fainting or collapse; labored breathing or coughing.
Recommendations: Annual ECG screening after age 1, to look for abnormal heart rhythms (picture at right).
ProBNP blood testing to detect heart enlargement is also recommended. If abnormalities are detected, an echocardiogram will confirm the diagnosis. An echocardiogram is recommended annually after about age five or six.
Glomerulonephropathy: GN is an inherited form of kidney disease. It slowly damages the kidneys, so affected dogs suffer kidney failure, often at an early age. Various infections and other illnesses can also lead to GN.
Damaged kidneys leak protein, so the disease is diagnosed by testing for excessive protein in the urine. The earlier the disease is diagnosed, the more we can help your pet. Urine samples should be checked annually for excess protein levels. Special diets help to support kidney function, thereby lengthening & improving life.
Recommendation: Annual protein/creatinine ratio urine test after age 1.
Videos: What is Breed-Specific Wellness, GN in Wheatens, Fatty Acids, Arthritis
BREED RISK RECOMMENDATIONS
Bichon Frise
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Many disease problems are genetic or inherited. Certain breeds are at risk for certain diseases. This doesn’t mean that just because your dog belongs to a certain breed he will always develop these problems – it just means that he’s more at risk than the average dog. It also doesn’t mean that these are the only diseases your pet could get – life is not that simple. It does, however, help to guide the medical care your pet needs.
Just as some genetically related diseases in humans don’t begin to cause problems until later in life – heart disease or breast cancer, for example – many genetic diseases in dogs appear late in life. Some of these can be tested for, enabling earlier diagnosis and intervention.
Hemophilia: There are several types of inherited bleeding disorders, or coagulopathies, which occur in dogs. They range in severity from very mild to very severe. Many times a pet seems normal until a serious injury occurs or surgery is performed, and then severe bleeding can result.
Recommendation: DNA test when a pet is young. If no DNA test has been done a Buccal Bleeding Time can be done at the time of surgery.
Urolithiasis: “Uro” refers to the urologic system, “lithiasis” is stone formation. Uroliths are bladder or kidney stones. Symptoms of urinary tract stones include blood in the urine, straining to urinate or inability to urinate if the urethra is blocked with stones or crystals. This last symptom is quickly fatal, so a pet, usually male, unable to urinate should be examined immediately. In the early stages, stones may be suspected if blood or crystals are seen in a urine sample test.
Recommendation: Urine testing annually or when signs are present, then surgery and special diets if necessary.
Videos: What is Breed-Specific Wellness, Periodontal disease
BREED RISK RECOMMENDATIONS
BLOODHOUND/COONHOUND
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Many disease problems are genetic or inherited. Certain breeds are at risk for certain diseases. This doesn’t mean that just because your dog belongs to a certain breed he will always develop these problems – it just means that he’s more at risk than the average dog. It also doesn’t mean that these are the only diseases your pet could get – life is not that simple. It does, however, help to guide the medical care your pet needs.
Just as some genetically related diseases in humans don’t begin to cause problems until later in life – heart disease or breast cancer, for example – many genetic diseases in dogs appear late in life. Some of these can be tested for, enabling earlier diagnosis and intervention.
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, dry eye: also known as KCS, this is a disease in which the tear glands no longer produce enough tears to keep the eye moist. Eye ulcers and infections result. This is a painful condition that can be diagnosed and treated before symptoms appear.
Diagnosis of KCS is simple. A paper strip is tucked under the lower eyelid. Tears soak the strip. After 1 minute we look to see how many millimeters of the strip became wet. This test is called a Schirmer tear test, or STT. A reading under 15 is low. 16-18 is borderline, and above that is normal. Treatment consists of eye ointment that will be necessary for the remainder of the pet’s life.
Recommendation: The STT should be done at least once a year once a pet reaches age 9, sooner if symptoms become apparent.
Videos: Eye Diseases, Arthritis, Fatty Acids, How to Clean Your Dog’s Ears
BREED RISK RECOMMENDATIONS
Border Collie
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Many disease problems are genetic or inherited. Certain breeds are at risk for certain diseases. This doesn’t mean that just because your dog belongs to a certain breed he will always develop these problems – it just means that he’s more at risk than the average dog. It also doesn’t mean that these are the only diseases your pet could get – life is not that simple. It does, however, help to guide the medical care your pet needs.
Just as some genetically related diseases in humans don’t begin to cause problems until later in life – heart disease or breast cancer, for example – many genetic diseases in dogs appear late in life. Some of these can be tested for, enabling earlier diagnosis and intervention.
Drug Sensitivity: Some breeds of dogs do not do well with certain medications. Herding breeds can inherit a gene called MDR1, that affects how they process about twenty different drugs, some of which are commonly used. These drugs should be avoided in these breeds but we can’t know to do that without genetic testing.
Recommendations: MDR1 DNA testing should be done once, early in your dog’s life.
Glaucoma is an extremely painful disease that rapidly leads to blindness. People describe it as feeling as if you are being stabbed in the eye with an ice pick. The eyeball is a tough, rubbery ball containing fluid. The fluid inside the eye is produced by cells within the eye, and this fluid drains back out of the eye via tiny drainage channels. When the fluid cannot drain out as fast as it is being produced it builds up, causing stretching and swelling of the eyeball. The fluid pressure is not only very painful, but it literally crushes the delicate cells lining the retina, quickly leading to blindness.
Recommendation: Annual glaucoma screening for senior border collies. The test we perform is called an intraocular pressure, or IOP. It is quick and inexpensive, and could save your pet’s sight.
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, dry eye: also known as KCS, this is a disease in which the tear glands no longer produce enough tears to keep the eye moist. Eye ulcers and infections result. This is a painful condition that can be diagnosed and treated before symptoms appear.
Diagnosis of KCS is simple. A paper strip is tucked under the lower eyelid. Tears soak the strip. After 1 minute we look to see how many millimeters of the strip became wet. This test is called a Schirmer tear test, or STT. A reading under 15 is low. 16-18 is borderline, and above that is normal. Treatment consists of eye ointment that will be necessary for the remainder of the pet’s life.
Recommendation: The STT should be done at least once a year once a pet reaches age 9, sooner if symptoms become apparent.
Videos: MDR1; Seniors - Eye Diseases, Fatty Acids, Arthritis
BREED RISK RECOMMENDATIONS
Boston terrier
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Many disease problems are genetic or inherited. Certain breeds are at risk for certain diseases. This doesn’t mean that just because your dog belongs to a certain breed he will always develop these problems – it just means that he’s more at risk than the average dog. It also doesn’t mean that these are the only diseases your pet could get – life is not that simple. It does, however, help to guide the medical care your pet needs.
Just as some genetically related diseases in humans don’t begin to cause problems until later in life – heart disease or breast cancer, for example – many genetic diseases in dogs appear late in life. Some of these can be tested for, enabling earlier diagnosis and intervention.
Glaucoma is an extremely painful disease that rapidly leads to blindness. People describe it as feeling as if you are being stabbed in the eye with an ice pick. The eyeball is a tough, rubbery ball containing fluid. The fluid inside the eye is produced by cells within the eye, and this fluid drains back out of the eye via tiny drainage channels. When the fluid cannot drain out as fast as it is being produced it builds up, causing stretching and swelling of the eyeball. The fluid pressure is not only very painful, but it literally crushes the delicate cells lining the retina, quickly leading to blindness.
Recommendation: Annual glaucoma screening for adult and senior Boston terriers. The test we perform is called an intraocular pressure, or IOP. It is quick and inexpensive, and could save your pet’s sight.
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, dry eye: also known as KCS, this is a disease in which the tear glands no longer produce enough tears to keep the eye moist. Eye ulcers and infections result. This is a painful condition that can be diagnosed and treated before symptoms appear.
Diagnosis of KCS is simple. A paper strip is tucked under the lower eyelid. Tears soak the strip. After 1 minute we look to see how many millimeters of the strip became wet. This test is called a Schirmer tear test, or STT. A reading under 15 is low. 16-18 is borderline, and above that is normal. Treatment consists of eye ointment that will be necessary for the remainder of the pet’s life.
Recommendation: The STT should be done at least once a year once a pet reaches age 9, sooner if symptoms become apparent.
Videos: Periodontal Disease; Seniors - Eye Diseases
BREED RISK RECOMMENDATIONS
BoUVIER DES FLANDRES
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Many disease problems are genetic or inherited. Certain breeds are at risk for certain diseases. This doesn’t mean that just because your dog belongs to a certain breed he will always develop these problems – it just means that he’s more at risk than the average dog. It also doesn’t mean that these are the only diseases your pet could get – life is not that simple. It does, however, help to guide the medical care your pet needs.
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